What does operant conditioning primarily focus on?

Operant conditioning primarily focuses on behavior modification. This learning principle, established by B.F. Skinner, involves the use of reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior's occurrence. Through operant conditioning, an individual learns to associate their behavior with specific consequences, whether positive (reinforcement) or negative (punishment).

For example, if a pet performs a desired behavior and receives a treat (positive reinforcement), it is more likely to repeat that behavior in the future. Conversely, if an unwanted action results in a negative consequence, such as a loud noise, the pet is less likely to repeat that behavior. This method is fundamental in training animals, making it a cornerstone in veterinary practice as it can be effectively utilized in behavior management and therapeutic interventions.

The options concerning genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and instinctual responses do not directly pertain to the principles of operant conditioning, which centers solely on the modification of behaviors through learned experiences based on rewards and consequences.