Which process involves an increase in the likelihood of a behavior due to a positive outcome?

The process that involves an increase in the likelihood of a behavior due to a positive outcome is known as positive reinforcement. This concept is fundamental in behavioral psychology and animal training. When a desired behavior is followed by a rewarding consequence, it is more likely that the behavior will be repeated in the future. For instance, when a dog sits on command and is rewarded with treats or praise, the dog is encouraged to sit again, as it associates sitting with positive outcomes.

This process is crucial in training animals and modifying behaviors, as it builds a positive connection between the behavior and its consequences. In contrast, negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a desired behavior, while punishment may decrease the likelihood of a behavior by introducing an aversive consequence. Conditioning refers to the learning processes that include various methods for associating behavior and outcomes, but it encompasses a broader scope than just the concept of reinforcing positive behaviors. Thus, positive reinforcement is specifically focused on enhancing the occurrence of a desired behavior through positive rewards.